Goal: describe Sri Lankan natural places, use prepositions of movement and time correctly, argue for / against an environmental issue using debate language. Examined in Test 9 (preposition fill-in), Test 11 (place fact fill-in), Test 14 (tourist description), Test 16 (forest essay).
📐 Prepositions of movement
- into · out of — enter / leave a space
- onto · off — up to / down from a surface
- towards — in the direction of
- across — side to side
- through — passing inside
- along — following the length
- around — encircling
- past — going by
Walk along the river.
The trail goes through the forest.
The road runs around the lake.
The bus drove past the temple.
📐 Prepositions of time
- at — clock time, mealtimes (at 6.30, at noon)
- on — days, dates (on Monday, on 5th May)
- in — months, years, seasons, parts of day (in March, in 2027, in the morning)
- since — start point (since 2018)
- for — length of time (for 8 years)
- till / until — end point (till the bell rings)
🌳 Nature vocabulary
- Landforms: forest reserve · waterfall · cascade · stream · cliff · plateau · lagoon · coral reef.
- Adjectives: lush · pristine · breathtaking · evergreen · endemic · indigenous · tropical.
- Issues: deforestation · pollution · climate change · poaching · soil erosion.
- Solutions: conservation · reforestation · protected area · awareness campaign.
🇱🇰 Top Sri Lankan places
- Kanneliya — Galle, 301 plants, 133 animals, 59 birds.
- Sinharaja — wet zone, UNESCO World Heritage.
- Horton Plains — 2,100 m, World's End, Baker's Falls.
- Sigiriya — 5th-century rock fortress.
- Polonnaruwa — second capital, Gal Vihara.
- Yala / Wilpattu — leopards, elephants.
- Delft Island — wild horses, baobab tree.
✍️ Writing — debate / description
- Description shape (Test 14): name + location + distance → feature → season → biodiversity → closing line.
- Debate speech (Test 16): opening hook → Firstly → Furthermore → In addition → concede ONE point → In conclusion.
- Phrases to learn: To begin with · It is obvious that · However · Contrary to what you say · We can prove that · I stress the fact that · In conclusion · To sum up.
- Word counts: notice 40–50 · paragraph 50–60 · description / letter ~100 · speech / essay ~200.