Goal: use should / shouldn't / must / mustn't for advice and signs, follow pronoun reference in a comprehension, link ideas with connectives, write a 200-word "challenges" essay. Examined in Test 11 (modals), Test 15 (comprehension), Test 16 (essay).
📐 Modals — advice & rules
- should / shouldn't — soft advice.
- must — strong rule / obligation.
- mustn't — strong prohibition.
- For signs: use "You should ... / You should not ...".
KEEP DRY → You should keep it dry.
DO NOT DROP → You should not drop it.
HANDLE WITH CARE → You should handle it carefully.
📐 Pronoun reference
- "this / it / they / those / his / her" → look back at the noun in the previous sentence.
- Answer SHORT — a noun phrase, not a full sentence.
"Vandalism is aimed at public property. It can also occur at individual level."
"It" = vandalism.
📐 Linkers for narrative
- although + clause · even though + clause · whereas
- in spite of + noun / -ing · despite + noun
- because + clause · so that + clause
- first · then · after that · later · finally · meanwhile
📜 "The Challenge" — Dr Heartsill Wilson
- Stanza 1: blessed is the man with a purpose.
- Stanza 2: criticises those content with the average.
- Stanza 3: someone must lead the rest.
- Stanza 4: "Would you be one, who dares to try?"
- Stanza 5: accept your goals, believe in yourself.
- Stanza 6: at day's end, be proud of battles won.
✍️ Writing — official word counts
- Notice (Test 6): 40–50 words.
- Short paragraph (Test 8): 50–60 words.
- Letter / bar chart (Test 14): ~100 words.
- Essay / speech (Test 16): ~200 words. Hook → 3 reasons → memorable line / quote → close.
- Open with a phrase like "Blessed is the man who..." or "We sometimes lie to ourselves..." — examiners reward bold openings.